/ 





The 



Society of Colonial Wars 



IN THE 



Commonwealth of Massachusetts 




First General Court 

Forefathers' Day, 1893 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE 
FIRST GENERAL COURT 



OF THE 



SOCIETY OF ^£ 

COLONIAL WARS ?» 



- 



COMMONWEALTH OF 
MASSACHUSETTS 

at boston, december 21, 1893 

Including the Address of the 
Rev. GEORGE M. BODGE 



GREAT NARRAGANSETT FIGHT 
of December 19, 1675 



Publication — No. 1 



BOSTON 

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 

1894 












\A 



3<* 



Samuel Arthur Bent, 
Walter Kendall Watkins, 
Walter Gilman Page, 

Committee of Publication. 



Gift 



• 



>09 



The Rockwell and Churchill Press, Boston, Mass., 
In the Year mdcccxciv. 





TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 

Officers for 1894 5 

First General Court 7 

Address of Lieut.-Governor Green 8 

Address of Rev. G. M. Bodge 14 

Other Addresses 31 

Historical Sketch 39 

By-Laws of the Massachusetts Society 43 

Membership Roll 52 

Important Colonial Events 53 




SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS 



IN THE 



COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



OFFICERS, 1894. 



GOVERNOR. 
FRANCIS ELLINGWOOD ABBOT. 

DEPUTY-GOVERNOR. 
HENRY OSCAR HOUGHTON. 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. 
SAMUEL SWETT GREEN. 

SECRETARY. 

WALTER KENDALL W ATKINS, 
18 Somerset Street, Boston. 

TREASURER. 

ABIJAH THOMPSON, 

Winchester, Mass. 

REGISTRAR. 
WALTER GILMAN PAGE. 

HISTORIAN. 
JAMES ATKINS NOYES. 

CHAPLAIN. 

The Reverend GEORGE MADISON BODGE. 

GENTLEMEN OF THE COUNCIL. 

EDWARD TOBEY BARKER, 
ALBERT ALONZO FOLSOM, 
WALTER HOLBROOK DRAPER. 

(5) 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 



GENERAL COURT, 1893. 




HE first General Court of the Massachusetts 
Society of Colonial Wars was held at Young's 
Hotel, in Boston, on the 21st of December, 
1893, pursuant to the following notice: 



" Members of y e Society of Colonial Wars 
are invited to observe Forefathers' Day on y e evening 
of December twenty-first, att Young's Tavern, where they 
will meet at y e hour of Six in y e afternoon, and after y e 
election of officers for y e year ensuing, partake of y e 
annual Supper att a half-hour after Six. 

" That y e Committee may provide ample entertain- 
ment for all, you are requested to inform y m by y e 
enclosed card if you will attend. 

"Members are requested to wear insignia. 

"NATHAN APPLETON, 
"A. A. FOLSOM, 
"ABIJAH THOMPSON, 

" Committee." 



In compliance with this notice twenty members met 
at the appointed time and place, and were called to order 
for the transaction of the business of the annual meeting 
by Lieutenant-Governor Samuel S. Green. 

(7) 



8 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

The reports of the standing committees were received, 
accepted, and placed on file. The officers for the en- 
suing year, nominated by a special committee, were 
elected by ballot, and their names will be found else- 
where. 

The Society then partook of a " supper," the menu of 
which recalled the plain but substantial fare of colonial 
times, when steamed clams ushered in kidney bean soup, 
and boiled cod with oyster sauce introduced a roast 
haunch of venison, accompanied by stuffed goose. Potted 
pigeons with dumplings, and rabbit pot-pie with Puritan 
sauce, were followed by a suggestive " baked Indian " 
pudding, while the mysterious " pan dowdy " achieved 
a succes de curiosite. In striking contrast with this pro- 
fusion were the five kernels of corn which, by the happy 
thought of the historian, Mr. James Atkins Noyes, were 
placed at each plate in memory of the same number of 
kernels, traditionally given to each member of the 
Plymouth Colony, during the famine of 1623. 

The hour of nine had hardly arrived, when the Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, Mr. Samuel S. Green, remarking the 
absence of the old-time curfew, opened the literary ex- 
ercises of the evening by expressing the gratification he 
felt in joining with the other members of the Society in 
commemorating the virtues of their ancestors. He al- 
luded to their want of religious toleration, to which atten- 
tion had again been recently called in an important book, 
and said : 

ADDRESS OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR GREEN. 

I am not convinced that either John Cotton or Gov- 
ernor Winthrop believed that religous toleration is a 
good thing. Certain it is that our forefathers were not 
tolerant. It is perfectly easy to quote passage after 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 9 

passage from the early writers in Massachusetts to show 
that there was no religious toleration here to speak of; 
but, at the same time, were our ancestors to blame for 
this state of things? They belonged to a time when very 
few people believed in religious toleration. I know there 
were some who did. There was that excellent man Sir 
Richard Saltonstall, who wrote us from England that he 
thought there was too much persecution going on here 
on account of religion. There was Sir Harry Vane, who 
was an early governor of the Massachusetts Colony, and 
who went back to England, and whose life was a most 
noble example of one who was heartily in favor of and 
constantly working for religious toleration. Then, too, 
there was the country of Holland, an example, a bright 
spot in Europe, where religious and civil toleration were 
in vogue constantly, and everybody was perfectly free to 
announce whatever opinions on political or religious mat- 
ters he chose. But Holland was an exception. The 
prevalent opinion of those times was against religious 
toleration. It has been said that Cotton and Winthrop 
had been persecuted in England, and, by being perse- 
cuted, they had learned the arguments in favor of tolera- 
tion as against intolerance. It is also said that they had 
had the object lesson of the Pilgrims in Holland, to show 
the admirable effects which followed from toleration. 
That is very true. But there is this distinction to be 
made and to be well borne in mind, that Winthrop and 
Cotton and the gentlemen that were associated with them 
objected to being persecuted by the government, because 
they would not conform to the ways of the Church of 
England, for the reason that they believed that the teach- 
ings of the Church of England were the traditions of men, 
while they believed that their own teachings were the 
teachings of God, a revelation from the Almighty, and 
not because they believed in toleration. I believe they 



IO SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

thought that it would be wrong not to see to it that 
other people conformed to their teachings, believing them 
as they did to be a revelation from the Almighty. 

I think that my old friend, Colonel Higginson, is 
near the truth when he says that in Massachusetts they 
neither professed nor practised religious toleration, that 
in Plymouth they did not profess it, but sometimes prac- 
tised it, and that in Rhode Island they both professed 
and practised it. There is another view to take of this 
matter. Both the people at Plymouth and the people 
here, in Boston and Massachusetts, came here, incurred 
all the unpleasant things that came from crossing the 
Atlantic and all the hardships of a new settlement on the 
bleak coast of New England, for the sake of establishing 
here theocracies. They came here because they wanted 
themselves and their children to be under the influences of 
such institutions and teachings as they had come to be- 
lieve were the institutions and teachings of God. They 
came here for that especial purpose. It seems to me 
that it was only good statesmanship, and that they had a 
right to say to the Antinomians, Mrs. Hutchinson and 
her followers, to Roger Williams and the Quakers, Un- 
less you can keep still, go away. We have come here to 
try an experiment. Now, why should you interfere with 
this? The whole continent is open to you. Go and settle 
where you please. Go where you please, but don't come 
here and disturb us. I fear, gentlemen, that if these dis- 
turbing elements had been allowed in this Massachusetts 
Colony, we should have been in the condition of Rhode 
Island, and that none of those good things for which we 
value our ancestors particularly would have been our 
inheritance. 

What would have happened, supposing all those per- 
sons, those disturbing persons, had been tolerated? 
Why, it would have turned the whole of this colony into 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. II 

a debating society. Our ancestors did not come here to 
debate. They came here to build up character, to build 
up the character of individuals, and also to make a state 
which should be governed on godly principles. They 
came here for that purpose, and it would have interfered 
materially with that purpose if they had been turned into 
a debating society. I recognize the fact that they lost in 
intellectual broadness. It is perfectly evident. I am, of 
course, myself a most hearty believer in religious freedom 
and in the fact that, intellectually, men are much stronger 
where a great variety of opinions is represented in com- 
munities, and that where they are set against each other 
the final result is much better than where people are con- 
fined to one set of views, made to conform to one set 
of institutions ; but, at the same time, while in an old 
country like Spain or England it was most advisable, it is 
a question whether, with what the Puritans and the Pil- 
grims had in view, it was wise for them in the infancy of 
their colonies to tolerate contentious persons. I, for one, 
am very grateful that they were allowed to go on and per- 
form their experiment and build up that fine individual 
character and those principles of government which they 
did establish here. I am very glad that they were al- 
lowed to go on and perform that experiment and that we 
have been allowed to inherit the results of it. Where 
would have been the sturdy character which they showed 
and which we have inherited from them, if they had not 
been allowed to carry out their experiment? They 
believed most heartily in God and in virtue, and I am 
willing to pardon in them a great deal of superstition if 
they inculcated those fundamental doctrines and made 
them a part of the life of this community, and I am ready 
to pardon great illiberality and want of toleration since 
they brought about such a true reverence for God and 
virtue, as they did in this community. 



12 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

I remember, many years ago, — I should not dare to 
say, my friends, how long ago, — going up the James 
river in a steamboat, and the excitement which I felt as 
we approached Jamestown, the site of the first perma- 
nent English Colony in America. I remember how my 
heart thrilled and how I glowed all over as I came in 
sight of that solitary ruin of a church-tower, covered 
with ivy, and remembered that that and a few broken 
gravestones were all that remained to us of the settle- 
ment at Jamestown. A few years after, settlements were 
made on the coast of Maine ; but, so soon as the people 
came there from England, they went away. There was 
no permanence in the settlements made there. Then 
came the settlement of the English at Plymouth on the 
day whose anniversary we celebrate to-night. Our fore- 
fathers came there ; and then, ten years later, more came 
to Boston, and in the course of ten years twenty thousand 
people came to Boston and to this vicinity to people the 
colony of Massachusetts Bay. When anything is said 
about our ancestors, I like to remember that this colony 
of Plymouth, whose landing is commemorated in Fore- 
fathers' Day, set the example of forming a colony here 
on the bleak coast of New England. If they had not 
come here and successfully founded a colony, where would 
New England be to-day? Nobody would have come to 
Boston or have founded the Massachusetts Colony. There 
is every reason to be proud of the Plymouth Colony, 
which, though it never grew to be of the size of the Mas- 
sachusetts Colony, yet showed that a settlement could be 
successfully made here, and lured here twenty thousand 
people within a few years to settle the great colony of 
Massachusetts Bay. When people talk to me about our 
ancestors in Massachusetts Bay, I like to remember what 
those clergymen, who had so much superstition, — and 
they had it — and who were so intolerant — and they were 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 1 3 

intolerant, — to remember what a great work they did for 
our ancestors and for their descendants in this Common- 
wealth. Mr. Watkins, you remember our friend Professor 
Dexter, of Yale University, who is becoming so famous for 
his thorough papers on American history. It was he that 
showed us that there were forty graduates of Cambridge 
University who came to this Massachusetts Colony, most 
of them clergymen. And what did those clergymen do 
for us? They founded Harvard College, and then, better 
than all, they gave to us the first common-school system 
in the world. In 1647 they established that system as 
an example which has been followed throughout the 
better portions of the civilized world. 

Gentlemen, what do we owe to our ancestors in the 
Colony and in the province of Massachusetts Bay? 
Massachusetts is known throughout the country. She is 
known throughout the world when America is spoken 
of. What do we owe, what do you and I owe, to our 
ancestors for the sturdy character which they formed 
under the institutions of which we have spoken, imperfect 
though they were and lacking the wise arrangements, as we 
see, of the nineteenth century, but good for the times, and, 
mixed as they were with evil, yet so full of good that they 
have transmitted to us and our descendants a rich inheri- 
tance of character and institutions which we are proud 
of ? Then think, gentlemen, what we have done, what 
Massachusetts has done in the west, and how far the in- 
fluence of our ancestors through us, through our imme- 
diate ancestors, and through ourselves, has extended first 
to the near and then to the farther west, and how the 
great principles, how the sturdy character and the fine 
love of God and worship of God and worship of virtue 
have extended from here all over the land ! How much, 
then, it is that we owe to the men who founded the colo- 
nies and then formed the province out of which grew up 



14 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

the State of Massachusetts. I know, gentlemen, I know 
that you will heartily join me in the prayer which is ap- 
pended to every Thanksgiving proclamation, — God save 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ! 

Gentlemen, two evenings ago our elder sister, the 
branch of this organization in the State of New York, 
celebrated the anniversary of " the great swamp fight " 
in King Philip's War, which is the day selected, accord- 
ing to its by-laws, for the annual General Court. The 
secretary tells me that nearly all the members of our 
branch of the society are descended from soldiers in King 
Philip's War. It is very fortunate that we have in our 
membership a gentleman who has made a special study 
of that war, and it is with no usual pleasure that I intro- 
duce to you as the principal speaker of the evening, the 
Reverend George M. Bodge, of Leominster. 

Mr. Bodge then delivered the following address on 

THE GREAT NARRAGANSETT FIGHT OF DEC. 19, 1675. 

Mr. Lieut.-Governor and Gentlemen: You will 
permit me to read what I have to say, in order to confine 
myself within the proper limits, so that my paper may 
not be long drawn out and tedious. I hope, sir, if you 
find it is getting tedious that you will stop me. There is 
no place at which I cannot be stopped ; there are few 
places at which I can stop voluntarily. 

I wish to express my appreciation of the honor con- 
ferred upon me by the invitation of this Society to be 
present and speak at this meeting upon this topic, or 
some kindred subject. 

I realize the invitation as a courteous recognition of 
the interest which I have taken in the general subject, 
and the measure of service I have been able to render 
the study of it. 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 1 5 

Considering the constituency of this Society, the motive 
of its organization, the purpose of this meeting, and the 
day on which it is held, it has seemed to me that it might 
be of interest to take a look at the condition of our ances- 
tors engaged in their struggle with the Indians two hundred 
and eighteen years ago this present time. So I will try 
to tell, simply, the story of u Our Forefathers at the 
Narrangansett Fight, Dec. 19-21, 1675." 

It is not easy, indeed it is not possible, for us now 
to realize the situation in which the people of the New 
England colonies were placed at the end of the first six 
months of the war of 1675, between the English of the 
United Colonies, Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecti- 
cut, and the Indians under the instigation and direction 
of the famous Wampanoag chief commonly known as 
" King Philip," or "Philip of Mount Hope." 

It will be remembered that the Colony of Rhode 
Island had been left out of the Union for defence for 
reasons best known to the dear old stiff-backed magis- 
trates of the three colonies ; but according to the general 
opinion, the reason was that the Rhode Islanders' the- 
ology was unsound, or because they were not good 
fighters, which amounts to about the same thing. Any 
way, they were left out of the military league, and ap- 
parently were willing to be left out. 

It may be possible, however, for us to obtain some 
idea of the condition in which the colonies found their 
affairs by a brief survey of the field as revealed by such 
records and casual notices as have come down to us. 
The story of the first six months of the war is depress- 
ing, indeed painfully humiliating to any loyal descendant 
of the Puritans and Pilgrims. For chapter after chapter 
follows of seeming blundering ignorance, and persistent 
contempt for an enemy of whom as yet they had no expe- 
rience in general warfare, and whose methods of fighting 



1 6 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

they, for a long time, refused to recognize or prepare 
for. There should be something extremely comical, 
were it not tragical, in the ponderous complacency with 
which those sturdy old " Moss-backs " marched forth to 
war, — their only armor being the six-foot match-lock 
musket, and " the faith once delivered to the saints." 
Both weapons were warranted English manufacture, 
water-proof, and adjustable to every variety of heathen, 
provided said heathen waited the explosion. 

But for the pity of it all, nothing would seem more 
grotesquely amusing than the marching of the first raw 
companies, at the opening of hostilities in June, upon the 
inglorious campaign to Swansey and Mount Hope, almost 
as if going to a " general muster-day" parade. 

Following upon that utter failure, and the escape of 
Philip and his warriors to the Nipmucks, and the upris- 
ing of all their tribes to join the leader of the war, came 
the ambuscade and massacre at Brookfield with the 
burning of the town; then the woful destruction of 
brave Captain Beers and his entire company at North- 
field ; and, a few days after, the awful disaster at " Bloody 
Brook," where Captain Lathrop and his fine company, 
called by the early narrator "The Flower of Essex," were 
ambushed by a great force and shot down in the usual 
way with hardly a chance to return fire upon foes con- 
cealed, into the midst of which they had carelessly 
moved forward, it is said, with no skirmishers or van- 
guard, but with many of the men picking berries by the 
roadside, their guns being carried on the teams which 
they were convoying — all the officers and men to the 
number of seventy fell, out of a company of eighty. 

All these sad reverses carried, with their sorrowful be- 
reavements and dreads, a sense of shame at the apparent 
incapacity of both officers and troops to meet the Indians 
and defend the towns. Even now the same feeling 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 1 7 

comes to us as we read the doleful story of these first 
months. I remember very well, when the first chapters 
of my " History of the Soldiers of King Philip's War " 
were being prepared for the " New England Historical 
and Genealogical Register," and I had carried in the 
copy of this "Bloody Brook" story, that Mr. Lothrop, 
the veteran printer of the "Register," remonstrated 
with me very earnestly, because " no Indians were 
killed," while the English were slaughtered like cattle. 
" What was the matter? " said he ; " can't you find that 
they killed any?" I told him I would do what I could 
for him. But my business being to get at the simple 
truth, while he " thirsted for heathen blood," it was not 
easy to gratify him. I, however, found a tradition that a 
large number of Indians were slain by Captain Mosely's 
Company coming upon the field just after the massacre, 
— a rumor that some one of Major Treat's men who 
came during this last fight counted ninety-six dead 
Indians on the field. I made mention of this tradition, 
but with the saving clause doubting the number. Mr. 
Lothrop was much gratified at the tradition, but objected 
to my doubt. 

These repeated unexpected blows and disasters taught 
the English some very important lessons ; for, while the 
people were filled with dismay and superstitious dread, 
the troops had ceased to despise the Indians as fighters, 
and had begun to learn that their own clumsy tactics were 
no match for the swift and secret manoeuvres of the sav- 
ages, and that all pursuit of their enemies into the forests 
was waste of time and strength. After the destruction of 
Springfield on October 6, Major Pynchon, then in com- 
mand of the forces in those parts, being utterly broken 
down by the loss of his beautiful town, begs to be re- 
lieved from the command, and recommends Capt. Samuel 
Appleton, of Ipswich, to be appointed major in his 



1 8 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

stead. This appointment was made, and seems to have 
been a first step towards a change from unvarying defeat. 
The policy of chasing the savages over wide reaches of 
forests and swamps with heavy, cumbersome infantry was 
abandoned. The towns, yet intact, were garrisoned and 
provisioned for the winter, and then all the soldiers not 
retained for garrisons marched back to Boston. It was a 
time of great gloom and despondency among the Eng- 
lish, especially those of the frontier towns ; for the 
Indians had seemed to triumph everywhere, and as the 
time came to withdraw into winter quarters they boasted 
themselves masters of the situation, and declared that in 
the opening of the spring they would gather in greater 
numbers and burn all the settlements of the three colo- 
nies and sweep the white people from New England. In 
face of their late experiences this did not seem to the 
English an idle boast. 

But there was one tribe, which so far had not taken 
any part in this war, which the colonists, however, feared 
more than all the others. The Narragansetts were by all 
accounts the strongest, best governed, and most numer- 
ous tribe in New England. The old chief Miantonomoh 
had never truckled to the colonists, but had insisted upon 
his rights as an independent chief. The Mohegins, on 
the other hand, were implacable enemies of the Narra- 
gansetts, and Uncas, the Mohegin chief, was crafty, 
treacherous, and revengeful, always subservient to the 
English, with whom he held an alliance, the main pur- 
pose of which was doubtless to watch the Narragansetts. 
So it was through these Mohegins that the English 
learned what the Narragansetts were doing. The old 
chief, probably the noblest of the New England chief- 
tains, had been drawn into some sort of quarrel by 
Uncas, and was entrapped by the Mohegins and held as 
prisoner, and upon the representations of his deadly foe, 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 1 9 

the commissioners of the United Colonies decided to 
leave his sentence to Uncas, who immediately sentenced 
him to death and executed him with his own hand. 

The English had good reason to feel, therefore, that 
the Narragansetts were not over-friendly, especially now 
that a worthy son of their murdered sachem ruled in his 
place. Canonchet had refused to join Philip in his first 
attack upon the English, and had resisted all threats and 
persuasions to engage with the other tribes. Neither 
would he join the colonies against Philip, as the Mohegins 
had done voluntarily. 

The English insisted that the Narragansetts should not 
permit Philip's women and children to remain within their 
limits, but that they should be turned over to the colonial 
authorities as prisoners of war. He declined to follow the 
dictation of the colonial magistrates who had practically 
sentenced his father to be murdered by his enemy, and 
now listened to the same treacherous tongue against him- 
self. But he held his people well in hand, put double 
diligence to the storing of food, the arming and training 
of his warriors, and the building of a fortification suita- 
ble to protect his people from any foe, whether the 
Mohegins, the tribes under Philip, or the English. 

All his preparations were duly reported to the English 
through the Mohegins, and all was doubtless magnified. 
It was said that a great fort was being constructed in his 
country, in which his people and the Wampanoags were 
all to take refuge for the winter, and that the women 
and children of Philip's people were already received 
there. 

It was reported, too, that Philip and his warriors were 
also retiring thither to winter quarters. This rumor, 
however, was found afterwards to be unfounded, as 
Philip, not daring to trust himself in any of the tribes 
while a price was set on his head, had retired to a winter 



20 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

camp beyond Albany, N.Y. But the commissioners of 
the United Colonies decided that this fortress should be 
the next battlefield. 

It was resolved to raise an army of one thousand men 
for a winter campaign against the Narragansetts. The 
quota of Massachusetts was to be 527, Connecticut 315, 
and Plymouth 158 men. The companies coming back 
from the campaign in the western parts were disbanded 
for the time, to await the summons of the authorities, 
and every energy was now bent to organize, equip, and 
provision an army which should be able to redeem the 
name and restore the prestige of English military 
prowess. The prospect was not now of vain pursuit 
and sudden ambush, but of a chance given to fight an 
enemy face to face, even though entrenched and at 
bay. 

A very large proportion of those soldiers who had 
been in the western towns under Major Appleton and 
Captain Mosely were now enrolled again under the same 
leaders, and the other companies were rapidly filled. 

As early as November 2 the colonies formally de- 
clared war against the Narragansetts, and from that time 
pushed their preparations with all speed. According 
to the arrangement of the United Colonies the com- 
manding general of any combined military operations 
was to be appointed from that colony nearest the base 
of operations. In this case it was Plymouth, and Major- 
Gen. Josiah Winslow, Governor of Plymouth Colony, was 
selected as commander-in-chief. 

The Massachusetts regiment of six companies of foot 
and a troop was in readiness. I will give the roster of 
officers a little further on. 

On December 9 the Massachusetts Regiment was 
mustered upon Dedham Plain, where the military com- 
mander-in-chief of Massachusetts Colony, Major-Gen. 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 21 

Daniel Denison, formally delivered the troops to the 
command of Major-General Winslow. The occasion 
was one of imposing formality, and many of the ruling 
magistrates of both colonies were doubtless present. 
The Massachusetts troops consisted of six companies of 
foot, 465 in number, and a troop of 75 horse. 

A proclamation was at that time issued from the 
Massachusetts Council to the soldiers there assembled, 
" that if they played the man, took the fort and drove ' 
the enemy out of the Narragansett country, which was 
their great seat, they should have a gratuity of land 
besides their wages." 

On the afternoon of December 9 the troops marched 
to Woodcock's, now the town of Attleboro'. 

On the evening of December 10 they arrived at 
Seekonk, where vessels had already arrived with supplies. 
Thence a part sailed direct to the appointed rendezvous 
at Major Richard Smith's garrison-house at Wickford, 
and a part went by Providence, where the Plymouth 
forces met them. 

I must pass over the incidents between this and the 
muster of the whole army at Pettisquamscot (now 
"Tower Hill," South Kingston, R.I. ), where a junction 
was formed with the Connecticut troops at 5 P.M., 
December 18. The great garrison-house of Bull at 
this place had been the general rendezvous appointed, 
but the garrison had been surprised or overwhelmed by 
numbers of the Indians a few days before, and utterly 
destroyed, only two of the garrison escaping. A bitter 
cold, driving snow-storm set in that evening, and the 
whole army were obliged to encamp in the open field. 
The next day, Sunday, December 19, before daybreak 
the whole army were away on the march towards the 
reputed invincible fortress of the Narragansetts. 

It will be understood that the facts, figures, and inci- 



22 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

dents making up the story are gathered, item by item, 
from hundreds of different documents, and must be in- 
complete and unsatisfactory at the best. 

The following, gleaned from all available sources, may 
be of interest at this point : 



roster of the officers of the army of the united 
colonies, as organized for the narragansett 
Campaign, and as Mustered at Pettisquamscot, 
Dec. 19, 1675. 

Gen. Josiah Winslow, Governor of Plymouth Colony, 
Commander-in-Chief. 

Staff. 

Daniel Weld, of Salem, Chief Surgeon. 
Joseph Dudley, of Boston, Chaplain. 
Benjamin Church, of Little Compton, R.I., Aid. 

MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. 

Samuel Appleton, of Ipswich, Major and Captain of 
1st Company. 

Regimental Staff. 

Richard Knott, of Marblehead, Surgeon. 

Samuel Nowell, of Boston, Chaplain. 

John Morse, of Ipswich, Commissary. 

1 st Company. — Jeremiah Swain, Lieutenant; Ezekiel 
Woodward, Sergeant. 

2d Company. — Samuel Mosely, Captain ; Perez 
Savage, Lieutenant. 

jd Company. — James Oliver, Captain ; Ephraim 
Turner, Lieutenant; Peter Bennett, Sergeant. 

4-th Company. — Isaac Johnson, Captain; Phineas 
Upham, Lieutenant; Henry Bowen, Ensign. 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 23 

5th Company. — Nathaniel Davenport, Captain ; Ed- 
ward Tyng, Lieutenant ; John Drury, Ensign. 

6th Company. — Joseph Gardiner, Captain ; William 
Hathorne, Lieutenant; Benjamin Sweet, Ensign, pro- 
moted Lieutenant; Jeremiah Neal, Sergeant, promoted 
Ensign. 

Troop. — Thomas Prentice, Captain ; John Wayman, 
Lieutenant. 

PLYMOUTH REGIMENT. 

William Bradford, of Marshfield, Major and Captain 
of 1st Company. 

Staff. 

Matthew Fuller, of Barnstable, Surgeon. 

Thomas Huckins, of Barnstable, Commissary. 

1st Company. — Robert Barker, of Duxbury, Lieutenant. 

2d Company. — John Gorham, of Barnstable, Captain ; 
Jonathan Sparrow, of Eastham, Lieutenant ; William 
Wetherell, Sergeant. 

CONNECTICUT REGIMENT. 
Robert Treat, of Milford, Major. 

Staff. 

Gershom Bulkeley, Surgeon. 

Rev. Nicholas Noyes, Chaplain. 

Stephen Barrett, Commissary. 

1st Company. — John Gallop, of Stonington, Captain, 
and seventy-five Indians. 

2d Company. — Samuel Marshall, of Windsor, Captain. 

3d Company. — Nathaniel Seely, of Stratford, Captain. 

4-th Company. — Thomas Watts, of Hartford, Captain. 

$th Company. — John Mason, of Norwich, Captain, and 
seventy-five Indians. 



24 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

There were other officers and men of note, doubtless, 
who went along with the army. Two surgeons, Dr. 
Jacob Willard, of Newton, and Dr. John Cutler, of 
Hingham, were credited under Major Appleton for their 
services, and were accredited grantees of the Narragan- 
sett townships in 1733, as was also Dr. John Clark, of 
Boston. 

Thus organized the army marched from Pettisquarns- 
cot. The distance by the roads is some ten miles. The 
army doubtless followed the high land and avoided 
swamps and heavy woods, so that they marched, it is 
likely, through the heavy snow-storm and bitter cold, 
some fifteen miles. An old Indian whom they had cap- 
tured near Wickford was guide. 

And now we come to the battle itself. 

About 1 o'clock P.M. the army came upon the enemy 
at the edge of the swamp, in the midst of which the 
Indian fortress was built, the Massachusetts regiment 
leading in the march, Plymouth next, and Connecticut 
bringing up in the rear. Of the Massachusetts forces, 
Captains Mosely and Davenport led the van and came 
first upon the Indians, and immediately opened fire upon 
them, thus gaining the advantage of the first fire, which 
the Indians themselves had nearly always gained, and had 
evidently planned now, but which our troops either es- 
caped by their unexpected route, having overawed them 
by their numbers, or overborne them by their impetuosity. 
They now fled back into the swamp, after an ineffectual 
volley, hotly pursued by our foremost companies, to the 
entrance of the fortification, within which they vanished. 
This fort was situated upon an island of some five or six 
acres in the midst of a cedar swamp, impassable except by 
the secret ways known to the Indians, and when, as just 
now by the extraordinary cold, frozen over. Doubtless the 
Indians depended chiefly upon the swamp for protection, 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 2$ 

though the defences are said to have been of considerable 
strength. From contemporary accounts, gained probably 
from some of the officers in this battle, it is evident that 
the works were rude and incomplete, consisting of an 
abattis, or cordon of felled trees, tilled in with a rude 
palisade of smaller trees, and limbs of trees, with the 
brush on ; this extended about the whole island close to 
the waters of the swamp, while at the more exposed 
points a rude attempt at flankers had been made after 
the fashion of the palisaded block-houses of the settlers. 
At the several accessible points, flankers had been thrown 
out and special defences provided, but evidently at the 
point the army happened upon the defences had not yet 
been finished, as only logs were stretched across the en- 
trance, which lay between the flankers, and was opposite 
a block-house, the fire from whose tiers of loop-holes 
might sweep away any force which could be brought to 
the entrance. The English entered the swamp evidently 
from the north-east side, perhaps by chance, perhaps 
by the design of their guide Peter, coming upon the un- 
finished corner. While Captain Mosely pursued the 
Indians to the entrance which they sought over a log 
stretched across a place of " open water " where only 
one could pass at a time, and so commanded that each 
could be shot down from the fort, Captains Davenport 
and Johnson kept on to the exposed corner and at once 
charged over the frozen swamp and clambered over the 
logs laid across the entrance. Here Captain Johnson fell 
while standing upon the logs commanding his company, 
and Captain Davenport a little within the fort at the head of 
his men ; and both companies were met with such mur- 
derous fire from the flankers each side and the block- 
house in front, that they were forced to retire for the time 
and fall upon their faces, until the fury of the firing some- 
what abated ; then the companies of Mosely and Gardiner, 



26 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

running forward to their assistance, met the same fierce 
enfilading fire, and were also forced back to the shelter 
of the logs and brush outside. Major Appleton now 
pressed forward with his own and Captain Oliver's com- 
pany, and, massing the two, charged impetuously through 
the entrance as a storming column, raising the shout that 
the " Indians were running," which so inspired the men 
that they swept irresistibly on, charged the left flanker and 
gained temporary shelter and advantage against the fire 
of the enemy still swarming the strong block-house in 
front. The Connecticut regiment now pushed forward, 
the Indians withholding fire awhile, and then, as the troops 
filled the entrance, pouring their volleys into their midst 
with deadly effect. The carnage was fearful, but the troops 
did not falter, and the two regiments, now joining, stormed 
the remaining flanker, then the block-house, and beat 
the enemy, now desperate and at bay, but face to face, 
back step by step to their camp of wigwams, a great 
number, it is said, in which great quantities of corn had 
been piled about the walls in sacks, and inside of those 
wigwams, thus fortified, many of their aged people and 
women and children were concealed. Here the fight 
was hot, as many fired from behind or within these coverts. 
The battle had raged for three hours, and still from these 
huts, and from the walls of the fort over which they 
had been driven, the enemy still rallied and from safe 
covert shot down our men, till word came to fire the wig- 
wams, some five hundred in number. Then the battle 
becomes a fearful holocaust, great numbers within the 
wigwams being burned up. The Plymouth force was 
held in reserve, and it is not known at what point it was 
pushed forward, but not until after the outworks were 
carried and all danger of a repulse of the storming force 
was over. The cavalry also were held in reserve, scout- 
ing along the edge of the swamp outside and covering 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 27 

the rear. When now the savages were beaten out of 
their hiding-places and the fortifications were burning, 
the soldiers gathered up their wounded, numbered their 
dead, and girded themselves for the wearisome march 
back to Wickford. 

Reliable details of this battle are very few, and only- 
gleaned from casual references here and there ; and, 
thus, many who have written upon the matter have 
simply quoted in full the story of Benjamin Church,' 
who relates simply his own personal experience, which 
story, told with all his tendency to magnify his per- 
sonal part in the affair, shows that he had really very 
small part in it. He remained with General Winslow till 
after the fort was carried and the battle was nearly over ; 
then he went, with a small squad of men, through the 
fort and out into the swamp beyond, surprised and had a 
little skirmish with a skulking band of Indians, who were 
shooting into the fort from the outside. Mr. Church was, 
unquestionably, a brave, wise, and skilful Indian fighter, 
as he subsequently proved, but he had in this battle very 
little to do until after the fighting was practically over. 
He was severely wounded, however, in the skirmish men- 
tioned, and doubtless in his day the chief facts of the 
battle were so well known to so many of the people that 
it was not necessary for him to relate any except his own 
personal exploits, which none of the other historians 
seem to have known about. Mr. Church, in his " En- 
tertaining Narrative," takes occasion to point out in many 
instances the " mistakes of the commanders " in the same 
way that many late writers have done in regard to our 
great leaders in the " War of the Rebellion." In regard to 
this battle he severely criticises the action of the officers 
in burning and abandoning the fort, and in this he has 
been followed by some who have not investigated the affair 
much beyond his " narrative." At first it would seem 



28 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

that the action was unwise, to destroy the abundant pro- 
visions stored up by the Indians in the wigwams, inside 
which, after the foe was driven out, the whole army might 
have been sheltered. But we must remember that the 
army was officered by some of the wisest, bravest, and 
most successful men in the three colonies. The condi- 
tion of the army was understood by them and they acted 
upon that knowledge. Some sixteen miles from their 
base of supplies, probably knowing little of the extent of 
the Indian stores until the fire was beyond control, with 
no means of transportation to and from Wickford except 
by detaching a large part of their force, now reduced 
greatly by death, wounds, and exposure, they knew that 
great numbers of Indians were now scattered in the 
woods about the fort, maddened by their losses, and 
watching from a thousand coverts for some unwary wan- 
derer. The Indians were just now scattered and demor- 
alized, but in a few hours would re-form, rally to their 
chiefs call, and be ready to strike a desperate blow for 
vengeance, perhaps, at Wickford, or other towns now left 
unprotected. Now the way homeward was open, their 
retreat not anticipated ; a little later, and their purpose 
known, the whole march would be beset with ambus- 
cades and harassing attacks. There was a rumor, too, of 
a great body of well-trained and equipped Indians in a 
great camp, who had not taken any part in the fight, but 
were now hastening to join the scattered Narragansetts 
and recapture the. fort, and destroy the army on the re- 
treat. After a few hours the wounded could not be 
moved with their swollen and stiffened wounds. It seems 
to me plain, from the point of military strategy even, that 
the immediate retreat to Wickford was the wisest course. 
The inhumanity in the burning of the wigwams with so 
many of the helpless non-combatants has been empha- 
sized against the leaders ; and we have simply to remem- 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 29 

ber the terrible scene in which they were engaged : the 
woful sight of their own dead and dying, their beloved 
officers stretched upon the bloody track of their hard- 
fought way through the fort, and the present added to 
all the massacre, destruction, and horror of the past 
months, — who wonders if in the present hard-won vic- 
tory, not yet quite assured, they were cruel? Again, it is 
not certain that there were so many as reported of the 
helpless within the wigwams. It is certain, however, that ' 
where they fired was the shelter of many desperate war- 
riors who kept up a murderous fire upon our men. 

By any candid student of history I believe this must 
be classed as one of the most glorious victories in our 
history, and, considering conditions as displaying hero- 
ism both in stubborn patience and dashing intrepidity, 
never excelled in American warfare. Of the details of 
the march back to Wickford little is known ; through 
a bitter cold winter's night, in a blinding, drifting snow- 
storm, encumbered with two hundred and ten of their 
wounded and dead, these sturdy soldiers, who had 
marched out from dawn till high noon without rest, 
had then rushed into the fierce fight without pause or 
refreshment, had fought hand to hand till sunset, now 
plodded sturdily back to their morning camp, through 
the drifting snows, and over strange and unbroken roads. 
An official account a month later gives sixty-eight killed 
and since died of wounds, and one hundred and fifty 
wounded, in the whole army. Of these, Massachusetts 
had thirty-one killed, sixty-seven wounded ; Connecticut 
had seventy-one killed and wounded ; Plymouth had 
twenty killed and wounded. Of the officers, Captains 
Johnson, Davenport, and Gardiner, of Massachusetts, 
were killed, and Lieutenants Upham, Savage, Swain, and 
Tyng were wounded. Of the Connecticut officers, Cap- 
tains Marshall, Gallop, and Seely were killed, and 



30 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

Mason mortally wounded. Of the Plymouth regiment 
Major Bradford and Mr. Church were wounded. The 
wounded were removed by vessel to Rhode Island, 
and well cared for by the people there. The losses 
of the Indians could never be reliably ascertained. 
It was reported officially that three hundred warriors 
were killed at the fight, and it is said that many 
more wounded perished in the woods ; and large num- 
bers were subsequently made prisoners, of whom three 
hundred and fifty were men and three hundred women 
and children. 

Thus was fought one of the most important battles, I 
believe, in our country's history, about which, however, 
hitherto very little reliable information has been brought 
together in recorded form, or in reliable history, and the 
later revival of historical interest finds many records lost 
beyond recovery. After the return to Wickford, the 
burial of the dead and removal of the wounded to Rhode 
Island, the army spent several weeks parleying with the 
enemy who were on the watch seeking to gain time to 
recruit, to send their non-combatants and helpless out of 
harm's way, and to strike a sudden blow at some of the 
plantations or some part of the army, before escaping to 
the north. Connecticut withdrew her forces, and Massa- 
chusetts and Plymouth recruited theirs with fresh compa- 
nies, and remained on the field a month longer, closing 
the campaign with the long march, known afterwards as the 
" hungry march," in pursuit of the enemy, who, about the 
last of January, raided the plantation at Patuxit, burning 
buildings and driving away sheep and cattle. The pursuit 
was unsuccessful, as the Narragansetts escaped to the great 
swamps and forests beyond Brookfield, and the army, 
worn out by the vain pursuit, marched home to Boston by 
way of Marlboro', where they left a strong garrison for 
the protection of the surrounding towns, this serving as 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 3 1 

the main rendezvous. Thus closed the " Narragansett 
Campaign." 

The Lieutenant-Governor then proposed a vote of 
thanks to Mr. Bodge for his very interesting paper, 
which was unanimously given. 

The Lieutenant-Governor then called upon Captain 
Nathan Appleton, a lineal descendant of Major Samuel 
Appleton, one of the heroes of the " great swamp fight." 

Captain Appleton made an eloquent plea for better 
treatment of the Indians, and then said : 

As regards the very complimentary historical notice 
which you have given of my ancestor Major Samuel 
Appleton, son of the first one of my name who came 
over, about 1635, I Wl ^ read an extract from one of the 
letters that he wrote when he was at Hadley before this 
campaign of December, 1675. This and many others were 
written to the Right Worshipful John Leverett, Esq., Gover- 
nor of the Massachusetts Colony, at Boston. It contains a 
remark which is full of meaning to-day, and which I think 
a very good lesson for the Society. This is dated Octo- 
ber 12, 1675 : 

. We are but this evening come up from Spring- 
field, and are applying or selves p r sently to ye sending out 
scouts for ye discovery of the enemy, y* the Lord assist- 
ing, we may w th these forces that we have, be making some 
onsett upon him, to do some things for y e glory of God 
and releise of his distressed people : the sence of w ch is so 
much upon my hart, y t I count not my life too dear to 
venture in any motion wherein I can persuade myselfe I 
may be in a way of his Providence, and expect his 
gracious p r sence, w th out w ch all o r indeavo rs are vaine. 
We confide, we shall not, cannot faile if y e steady & 



32 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

continued lifting up of y e hands and harts of all God's 
precious ones, y l so o r Israel may in his time prevail 
against this cursed Amaleck; against whom I believe 
the Lord will have war forever, untill he have destroyed 
them. With him I desire to leave o r s : & all y e concern, 
and so doing to remain 

Yo r servant obliged to duty 

SAMUEL APPLETON. 

This Society is of the Colonial Wars. Of course, it be- 
gan with the wars principally against the Indians. But 
I was much touched and gratified in reading the pro- 
spectus of the organization of the Society a year or so 
ago, to find how delicately it touched upon our fights 
with the French, which came, of course, shortly after. 
The French ante-dated us here nearly one hundred 
years — in 1525, or thereabouts, when Jacques Cartier 
came across the Atlantic. We succeeded them at James- 
town and then here, and the natural struggle of those 
early years was for the possession of this great continent. 
If you will read that remarkable book of Francis Park- 
man, — who has lately left us, — "A Half Century of 
Conflict," it shows how the Indians were used by both 
parties to help the English and the French in trying to 
gain the supremacy. 

The English generally attacked by water, going up in 
ships to Louisburg, Port Royal, afterwards called Annap- 
olis, and the places there, and the French would come 
down by land, and be stricken for using the Indians for 
the massacre at Deerfield and other villages. When it 
came to vengeance, in returning they would go hundreds 
of miles out of their way to retaliate, without getting any- 
where near the persons who had been the attacking force. 
And then, in the very year that this Society stops, that is 
in 1775, with the beginnings of our struggle for independ- 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 33 

ence at Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill and the 
other engagements later, until, in 1783, the peace was 
signed in Paris, mark you, between England and the United 
States of America, by a strange u irony of fate these same 
Frenchmen whom our ancestors had been fighting were 
the very ones who came to us and helped us gain our 
independence against the English. I think it was Park- 
man who said that had it not been for the skill and the 
strength and the courage and the endurance that the 
colonial troops had shown in fighting the French in 
Canada and at Louisburg and elsewhere, had it not been 
for those qualities, they probably never would have 
dared to strike the blow for their own independence here. 
All that comes in the field of study of our Society. 

In conclusion, I believe that there is a great field before 
this Society in the study of history, in which, in my opin- 
ion, the young men of to-day are sadly deficient, — I mean 
American history. If we can do that, if we can also 
show them the proper regard for the Indians, if we shall 
show them what we owe to the French, if we shall show 
them what we owe to ourselves in this century, this 
Society will have been well started and will have a grand 
mission before it. 

The Lieutenant-Governor then called upon the Deputy- 
Governor, the Hon. Henry O. Houghton, who said : 

There is one thing that has interested me for a long 
time, and that is the increased interest of the study of 
American history. That is of more importance to this 
country than any of us, I think, can estimate. We have 
this great country, stretching from shore to shore, and it 
is now peopled by the Asiatics, by the Italians, by Ger- 
mans and Irish and English, partly our native stock and 
a great deal of it foreign stock. How are we going to 



34 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

preserve that love of country and that knowledge of the 
history which is so important to us, except by giving our 
attention to just such questions as we discuss here to- 
night? How are we going to have that patriotism 
handed down to our children which is the preservation 
and the necessity for the preservation of our country, ex- 
cept by constantly studying the great and glorious deeds 
of our ancestors? This Society has a great mission to 
perform in interesting the American element which is 
still left in teaching this great object-lesson. 

Although my ancestors were active in the Indian 
massacre at Lancaster and in the early settlement of 
Lancaster, as well as of Cambridge and Concord and 
Andover, I have another set of ancestors who were 
in that difficult and trying time of the early contro- 
versies in Vermont. I have one incident there which 
has brought me back to some things of more modern 
days, and shows better how people fought for independ- 
ence of opinion in those early days, and how men, even 
if their neighbors did persecute them, insisted upon 
their right to have their own views. I had an ancestor 
who was chairman of a committee of safety, who lived 
on the Connecticut river, on the Vermont side, directly 
on the borders of New Hampshire, and who was a loyal 
son of New York so far as the controversy between New 
York and New Hampshire was concerned. We have in 
our Southern country seen that, when people violated the 
public sentiment there, men were apt to gather at night, 
with handkerchiefs over their faces and with muskets on 
their shoulders, and on horseback, and awe the people 
into the public sentiment which they believed in. Now, 
they did it better before the Revolution, and it showed 
the great force of moral character that was in our Puritan 
ancestors. At this time Captain Quay, who was a ma- 
ternal ancestor of mine, was looked upon with suspicion, 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 35 

although he was Chairman of the Committee of Safety, 
by some of his neighbors, because he took the part 
of New York so vigorously, and he did not like very 
much Seth Warner or Ethan Allen. He thought they 
were meddling with what was not their own business, 
and I think he may have been right. But he was 
fined by the locality where he was, by the New 
Hampshire authorities, or those of that part of New 
Hampshire, forty pounds for not paying his taxes to the 
New Hampshire government, instead of insisting on pay- 
ing them to New York. In this controversy the poor 
cows had to suffer, as they generally do. They were 
levied upon by the tax collector and driven to vendue 
for auction. Suddenly, as if by magic, when they came, 
sixty or seventy of his neighbors appeared. I think I 
can see them, in their shirt-sleeves perhaps, leaning 
against the fence, whittling or talking with each other, 
but utterly unarmed, without any weapon of any kind, 
and with a stolid and grim silence, waiting to hear these 
poor cattle sold at the vendue. But there was no bid- 
der. Every one was silent, so far as that was concerned. 
Finally, one of the people who had come to look on 
suggested to the auctioneer that he had better send those 
cattle back to the pastures where they came from, and 
he did. I think by doing so they showed a moral 
respect for public opinion which is worthy of emulation. 

President Barrett, of the Sons of the American Revolu- 
tion, being introduced, said : 

It is pleasant that our first gathering should be in the 
rooms of the Massachusetts Club, on the walls of which 
are the faces of Governor Andrew, Charles Sumner, 
Samuel Hoar, who were representative Massachusetts 
men and of representative Puritan ancestors. As Presi- 



36 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

dent of the Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the 
American Revolution, I tender my hearty congratulations 
to this new patriotic Society. With our five hundred 
members, we seek to inculcate in this community a 
patriotic sentiment which shall keep alive the recollections 
of the sufferings of our Revolutionary ancestors. 

What is this Society of the Colonial Wars going to 
do? I have been asked that question. I find in our 
Society of the Sons of the American Revolution that a 
great many people have never looked beyond their 
grandfathers or their grandmothers. I think the field of 
this Society and the field of all patriotic societies is to 
educate people, and to induce them to turn back to find 
their own family histories. They are immensely interest- 
ing. We are making history to-night. Every book, 
every pamphlet, every document put forth by a patriotic 
society in Massachusetts, is of incalculable advantage to 
every man, woman, and child in the State. Why should 
not we, as Americans, cultivate, maintain, and promote 
American history? Mr. Houghton, a man busy in 
affairs, finds now he has a renewed interest in American 
history. As members of this Society, it is ourbounden 
duty to protect and save every fragment of history 
which any family can show. 

In our town of Concord, on the peaceful river, were 
located the haunts of the Indians, and in those valleys 
to-day, in my garden, I plow up arrow-heads, mallets, and 
other things, the last reminiscences of the aborigines. 
John Hoar, an ancestor of Senator Hoar and Samuel Hoar, 
at the time that the Indians were being persecuted in our 
town and were confined in jail, stepped forward and 
offered to be bondsman for these Indians, to maintain 
them, to support them through the winter, rather than 
see them abused and cast into jail. 

These incidents are peculiar to every family in New 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 37 

England, and every prominent family in New England is 
allied with the Revolution, or allied with the French and 
Indian wars, or with the first Puritan or Pilgrim settlement, 
and it is every man's duty to preserve every legend of 
the past that he can secure, and hand them down to 
his children's children. 

Captain Albert A. Folsom was the last speaker. He 
said : Beside the gratification of being a member of this ' 
Society, as a member of the Ancient and Honorable 
Artillery Company for more than a quarter of a century 
I was pleased to hear the list of officers in that Indian 
fight — two or three former captains of the Artillery 
Company, who were killed in that engagement. I had 
the pleasure of visiting that battle-field ten years 
ago. It is about a mile and a half from the Kingston 
station of the old Stonington Railroad, now the New 
York, New Haven, and Hartford. It is a very curious 
place. It is a solid strip of land in the midst of an ex- 
tensive swamp. When I was there, a luxuriant field of 
corn was growing. I saw the owner of the place, who 
lives near. He said it was a very fertile piece of land. 
He has a great many Indian -curiosities, and in front of 
his house is an immense boulder with a depression in it 
artificially made, where he thinks the Indians used to 
grind their corn. He has a great many pestles and 
chisels and arrow-heads. He told me that the Indians 
had a great storehouse of corn in that fortress, and their 
barrels were hollow trees ; and every year he ploughs up 
kernels of the corn that was burnt, black, and very hard. 
He showed me some of them, jet black, and they were 
susceptible of a high polish. 

Mr. Bodge mentioned the name of Thomas Huckins, 
who was one of the lieutenants in the Plymouth contin- 
gent. I recollect that in 1878 the Ancient and Honorable 



38 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

Artillery Company invited President Hayes to attend the 
dinner in Faneuil Hall the first Monday in June. The 
President wrote back saying that he would be delighted 
to come, particularly as his ancestor, Thomas Huckins, 
was a charter member of the Artillery Company. I was 
requested to reply to President Hayes and ask him what 
he knew about Thomas Huckins, as Whitman's history of 
the company says that he went to England in a reg- 
iment of cavalry which is supposed to have been raised 
in this State and which I never heard much about, called 
Cromwell's Own. The Colonel of the Cavalry Regiment 
was William Rainsborough, a member of the Artillery 
Company. The Lieutenant-Colonel was William Stough- 
ton, another member of the company, and the Major 
was Nehemiah Bourne, whose grave I have seen in the 
rear of the Artillery Company's armory in London. He 
afterwards became an admiral in Cromwell's navy. This 
Thomas Huckins was an officer in that regiment of cav- 
alry called Cromwell's Own. President Hayes wrote back 
that Whitman was mistaken. Thomas Huckins did return 
to the United States, and died in Barnstable at a very 
advanced age. If that is the same Thomas Huckins who 
participated in the battle at Narragansett in 1675, it can- 
not possibly be the Huckins of Cromwell's Own. It 
might have been his son. 

Lieutenant-Governor : Our ancestors had a supreme 
contempt for Christmas, but I think if they were alive 
now they would have reformed and joined heartily in the 
good feeling which comes to us on that anniversary. 
I don't think that I can better end this occasion than 
by wishing you all a Merry Christmas. 

The exercises were then brought to a close. 



AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 



MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY 



JAMES ATKINS NOYES, Historian. 




N the 17th March, 1893, the following ten 
gentlemen, having been elected members 
of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State 
of New York, met at Young's Hotel in Bos- 
ton : Gen. William F. Draper, of Hopedale ; 
Francis E. Abbot, Ph.D., of Cambridge; Samuel S. 
Green, of Worcester ; Walter K. Watkins, of Chelsea ; 
Abijah Thompson, of Winchester; Walter G. Page, of 
Boston ; James A. Noyes, of Cambridge ; Dr. Arthur W. 
Clark, of Boston ; Edward T. Barker, of Cambridge ; 
Walter H. Draper, of Boston. They subscribed to an 
agreement to associate themselves with the intention to 
constitute a corporation to be known by the name of the 
" Society of Colonial Wars in the Commonwealth of Mas- 
sachusetts." This agreement was sent to the New York 
society, with the request for affiliation. 



On the 29th March, 1893, Mr. Watkins, one of the 
subscribers to the agreement, sent notices to the other 
subscribers of a meeting to be held on the 5th April, in 
the council chamber at the Old State House, for the 

(39) 



40 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

purpose of organizing said corporation by the adoption 
of by-laws and election of officers, and the transaction of 
such other business as might properly come before the 
meeting. At an adjourned meeting on the 15th April, 
the following officers were elected : 

Governor, Gen. William F. Draper ; Deputy Governor, 
Francis E. Abbot, Ph.D. ; Lieutenant-Governor, Samuel 
S. Green ; Secretary, Walter K. Watkins ; Treasurer, 
Abijah Thompson; Registrar, Walter G. Page; Histo- 
rian, James A. Noyes ; Gentlemen of the Council, Ed- 
ward T. Barker, Dr. Arthur W. Clark, Walter H. Draper. 

The Rev. Emory J. Haynes was subsequently ap- 
pointed chaplain by the Governor. 

Committee on Membership : Walter K. Watkins, chair- 
man ; Walter G. Page, James A. Noyes, Dr. Arthur W. 
Clark, Edward T. Barker. 

On the 29th April, 1893, the Society was incorporated. 

On the 2d May, 1893, a meeting of the council was 
held at New England Historic Genealogical Society, and 
the following were chosen as delegates to the First Gen- 
eral Assembly, to be held in the Governor's room, City 
Hall, New York, 9th and 10th May, to organize and 
adopt a constitution and elect officers : 

Gen. William F. Draper, Francis E. Abbot. Ph.D., 
James A. Noyes ; and the following were elected a com- 
mittee to see if a room could be obtained in the new 
Public Library for the use of the Society : Capt. Albert 
A. Folsom, chairman ; Melville M. Bigelow, James A. 
Noyes. 

On the 1 6th May, 1893, a special court was held at the 
studio of Walter G. Page, and a very interesting paper 
was read by Dr. Hezekiah Butterworth, on the Legends 
of Pokanoket, of Rhode Island. These Indian stories are 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 4 1 

mostly associated with the wars of King Philip, and the 
town now known as Warren, R.I. The first gift of corn 
to the early settlers of New England was given by Mas- 
sasoit at Warren in 1621. Mr. Butterworth spoke of the 
supposed visits of the Northmen, the patriot John Hamp- 
den, the friendly aid of Massasoit to the early settlers, 
and of the deaths of King Philip and the Indian Squanto. 
He also gave a graphic description as it is to-day of the 
picturesque locality of the Mount Hope lands, the home 
of Philip. 

On the 8th June, 1893, the Society made an excursion 
to Plymouth, visiting the Pilgrim Hall, the Registry of 
Deeds, the old graveyard, etc., under the guidance of the 
Hon. William T. Davis and Mr. William S. Danforth. 
Dinner was served at the Samoset House. 

On the 27th October, 1893, a special court was held 
at the rooms of the New England Historic Genealogical 
Society, to discuss a petition to be presented to the 
adjourned meeting of the First General Assembly, to be 
held in New York, 19th December, 1893. This petition 
referred to the qualifications for membership. 

At the meeting the following were elected a Committee 
on Publication : S. Arthur Bent, chairman ; Walter K. 
Watkins, Walter G. Page ; and the following a com- 
mittee for the first annual dinner : Capt. Nathan Apple- 
ton, chairman ; Capt. Albert A. Folsom, and Abijah 
Thompson. 

On the 2 1 st December, 1893, " Forefathers' Day," the 
273d anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims at 
Plymouth, a general court was held at Young's Hotel, 
an account of which is given elsewhere. At this meet- 
ing the delegates to the adjourned meeting of the First 



42 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

General Assembly held at the Hotel New Netherland, 
New York, 19th December, 1893, reported that the 
amended constitution had been adopted. 

At the meeting of the General Society, held in New 
York, 19th December, 1893, the following members of 
the Massachusetts Society were elected : 

Deputy Governor General for Massachusetts, Gen. 
William F. Draper; Historian General, Francis E. 
Abbot, Ph.D. A member of the Committee on the 
Louisburg Memorial, James A. Noyes, was elected at the 
meeting of the General Council held in New York, 1 8th 
December, 1893. 



* 




BY-LAWS 



MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY. 



SECTION I. 

NAME OF THE SOCIETY. 

The Society shall be known by the name, style, and 
title of " Society of Colonial Wars in the Com- 
monwealth of Massachusetts." 

section II. 

OFFICERS. 

» The officers of the Society shall be a Governor, a 
Deputy-Governor, a Lieutenant-Governor, a Secretary, 
a Deputy-Secretary, a Treasurer, a Registrar, a Histo- 
rian, and a Chaplain ; these, except the Chaplain and 
Deputy-Secretary, shall be ex-officio members and con- 
stitute the Council, with three other members elected for 
that purpose and chosen annually. 

SECTION III. 

INITIATION FEES, DUES. 

The initiation fee shall be five dollars ; the annual dues 
five dollars, payable on or before the first of January of 
each year. 

(43) 



44 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

The payment at one time of fifty dollars shall exempt 
the member so paying from annual dues. 

SECTION IV. 

GOVERNOR. 

The Governor, or in his absence the Deputy-Governor, 
or Lieutenant-Governor, or Chairman pro tem., shall pre- 
side at all Courts of the Society, and shall exercise the 
duties of a presiding officer under parliamentary rules, 
subject to an appeal to the Society. The Governor shall 
be a member ex-officio of all committees except the 
Nominating Committee and Committee on Membership. 

He shall have power to convene the Council at his 
discretion, or upon the written request of two members of 
the Council, or upon the like request of five members 
of the Society. 

SECTION V. 

SECRETARY. 

The Secretary shall conduct the general correspond- 
ence of the Society, and keep a record thereof. He 
shall notify all elected candidates of their admission, and 
perform such other duties as the Society or his office 
may require. He shall have charge of the seal, certifi- 
cates of incorporation, by-laws, historical and other 
documents and records of the Society other than those 
required to be deposited with the Registrar, and shall 
affix the seal to all properly authenticated certificates of 
membership and transmit the same to the members to 
whom they may be issued. He shall notify the Registrar 
of all admissions to membership. He shall certify all 
acts of the Society, and when required authenticate them 
under seal. He shall have charge of printing and pub- 
lications issued by the Society. He shall give due notice 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 45 

of the time and place of the holding of all Courts of the 
Society and of the Council, and shall incorporate in said 
notice the names of all applicants for membership, to be 
voted on at said Council, and shall be present at the 
same. He shall keep fair and accurate records of all the 
proceedings and orders of the Society and of the Coun- 
cil, and shall give notice to each officer who may be 
affected by them of all votes, resolutions, and proceed- 
ings of the Society or of the Council, and at the General 
Court or oftener shall report the names of those candi- 
dates who have been admitted to membership and those 
whose resignations have been accepted, and of those 
members who have been expelled for cause or for failure 
to substantiate claim of descent. In his absence from 
any meeting the Deputy-Secretary shall act, or a Secre- 
tary pro tern, may be designated therefor. 

SECTION VI. 

TREASURER. 

The Treasurer shall collect and keep the funds and 
securities of the Society, and as often as those funds shall 
amount to one hundred dollars, they shall be deposited 
in some bank in the city of Boston, which shall be desig- 
nated by the Council, to the credit of the Society of Co- 
lonial Wars in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and 
such funds shall be drawn thence on the checks of the 
Treasurer for the purpose of the Society only. Out of 
these funds he shall pay such sums only as may be 
ordered by the Society or Council or his office may re- 
quire. He shall keep a true account of his receipts and 
payments, and at each annual meeting render the same 
to the Society. For the faithful performance of his duty 
he may be required to give such security as the Society 
may deem proper. 



46 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 



SECTION VII. 

REGISTRAR. 

The Registrar shall receive from the Secretary and file 
all the proofs upon which membership has been granted, 
with a list of all diplomas countersigned by him, and all 
documents which the Society may obtain ; and he, under 
the direction of the Council, shall make copies of such 
papers as the owners may not be willing to leave in the 
keeping of the Society. 

SECTION VIII. 

HISTORIAN. 

The Historian shall keep a detailed record of all his- 
torical and commemoration celebrations of the Society, 
and he shall edit and prepare for publication such histor- 
ical addresses, papers, and other documents as the Society 
may see fit to publish ; also a necrological list of each 
year, with biographies of deceased members. 

SECTION IX. 

CHAPLAIN. 

The Chaplain shall be an ordained minister of a 
Christian Church, and it shall be his duty to officiate 
when called upon by the proper officers. 

SECTION X. 

THE COUNCIL. 

The Council shall have the power to call special 
Courts of the Society and arrange for celebrations by 
the Society. They shall have control and manage- 
ment of the affairs and funds of the Society. They shall 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 47 

perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the Consti- 
tution and By-Laws, but they shall at no time be required 
to take any action or contract any debt for which they 
shall be liable. They may accept the resignation of any 
member of the Society. They may meet as often as 
required, or at the call of the Governor. A majority 
shall be a quorum for the transaction of business ; at the 
General Court they shall submit to the Society a report 
of their proceedings during the past year. The Council 
shall have the power to drop from the roll the name of 
any member of the Society who shall be at least two 
years in arrears, and shall fail on proper notice to pay 
the same within sixty days, and on being dropped his 
membership shall cease ; but he may be restored to mem- 
bership at any time by the Council upon his written 
application and the payment of all such arrears from the 
date when he was dropped to the date of his restoration. 
The Council may suspend any officer for cause, which 
must be reported to the Society, and action taken on the 
same within thirty days. 

SECTION XI. 

VACANCIES AND TERMS OF OFFICE. » 

Whenever an officer of this Society shall die, resign, 
or neglect to serve, or be suspended, or be unable to 
perform his duties by reason of absence, sickness, or 
other cause, and whenever an office shall be vacant which 
the Society shall not have filled by an election, the 
Council shall have power to appoint a member to such 
office pro tempore, who shall act in such capacity until 
the Society shall elect a member to the vacant office, or 
until the inability due to said cause shall cease ; provided, 
however, that the office of Governor or Secretary shall 
not be filled by the Council when there shall be a Deputy 



48 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

or Lieutenant-Governor, or Deputy-Secretary, to enter 
on the duties. 

The Council may supply vacancies among its members 
under the same conditions, and should any member other 
than an officer be absent from three consecutive Councils 
of the same, his place may be declared vacant by the 
Council and filled by appointment until an election of a 
successor. 

Subject to these provisions, all officers and gentlemen 
of the Council shall from the time of election continue in 
their respective offices until the next General Court, or 
until their successors are chosen. 



SECTION XII. 

RESIGNATION. 

No resignation of any member shall become effective 
unless consented to by the Council. 

SECTION XIII. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS . 

No person who may be enrolled as a member of this 
Society shall be permitted to continue in membership 
when his proofs of descent or eligibility shall be found 
to be defective. The Council, after thirty days' notice 
to such person to substantiate his claim, and upon his 
failure satisfactorily so to do, may require the Secretary 
to erase his name from the membership list. The said 
person shall have a right to appeal to the Society at its 
next Court, or at the General Court. If the said appeal 
be sustained by a two-thirds vote of the members present 
at such Court, the said person's name shall be restored 
to said membership list. 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 49 

SECTION XIV. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Members shall be elected by ballot at a Council of the 
Society, after report by the Membership Committee ; but 
a negative vote of one in five of the ballots cast shall 
exclude any candidate. 

SECTION XV. 

COMMITTEE ON MEMBERSHIP. 

The Committee on Membership shall consist of five 
members. They shall be chosen by ballot at the General 
Court of the Society, and shall be elected for the period 
of one year. Three members shall constitute a quorum, 
and a negative vote of two members shall cause an 
adverse report to the Council on the candidate's applica- 
tion. The proceedings of the Committee shall be secret 
and confidential ; and a candidate who has been rejected 
by the Council shall be ineligible for membership for a 
space of one year from date of rejection, except upon the 
unanimous vote of the Committee. 

The Committee shall have power to make By-Laws for 
its government, and for other purposes not inconsistent 
with the Constitution or By-Laws of the Society. 

SECTION XVI. 

EXPULSION OR SUSPENSION. 

Any member for cause or conduct detrimental or an- 
tagonistic to the interest or purposes of the Society, or 
for just cause, may be suspended or expelled from the 
Society. But no member shall be expelled or suspended 
unless written charges be presented against such member 
to the Council. 



50 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

The Council shall give reasonable notice of such 
charges, and afford such member reasonable opportu- 
nity to be heard and refute the same. The Council, 
after hearing such charges, may recommend to the So- 
ciety the expulsion or suspension of such member, and 
if the recommendation of the Council be adopted by a 
majority vote of the members of the Society present at 
such Court, he shall be so expelled or suspended, and the 
insignia of said member shall thereupon be returned to 
the Treasurer of the Society, and his rights therein shall 
be extinguished or suspended. The Treasurer shall re- 
fund to the said member the amount paid for the said 
insignia. 

SECTION XVII. 

COURTS. 

The General Court of the Society shall be held on 
the anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims, December 
21, 1620. Business Courts shall be held monthly, except 
during the months of June, July, August, and September. 

Special Courts may be called by the Governor at 
such times as in his opinion the interests of the Society 
may demand, and must be called by the Secretary on 
the written request of three members. All notice of 
meetings shall be sent out at least six days before the 
date of the meeting. 

SECTION XVIII. 

SERVICE OF NOTICE. 

It shall be the duty of every member to inform the 
Secretary by written communication of his place of resi- 
dence and of any change thereof, and of his post-office 
address. Service of any, under the Constitution or By- 
Laws, on any member, addressed to his last residence or 



SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 5 1 

post-office address, forwarded by mail, shall be efficient 
service of notice. 

SECTION XIX. 

CERTIFICATE OF MEMBERSHIP. 

Members may receive a certificate of membership, 
which shall be signed by the Governor, Secretary, and 
Registrar. 

SECTION XX. 

ALTERATION OR AMENDMENT. 

No alteration or amendment of the By-Laws shall be 
made unless notice shall have been duly given in writing, 
signed by the member proposing the same, at a Court of 
the Society. 

The Secretary shall send a printed copy of the pro- 
posed amendment to the members of the Society, and 
state the Court at which the same will be voted upon. 
No amendment or alteration shall be made unless 
adopted by a two-thirds vote of the members present at 
the Court voting upon the same. 




MEMBERSHIP ROLL. 

JUNE, 1894. 



Francis Ellingwood Abbot. 
Theodore Lathrop Allen. 
Nathan Appleton. 
James Bourne Ayer, M.D. 
Morton Griggs Baldwin. 
Edward Tobey Barker. 
Edwin Shepard Barrett. 
Charles Upham Bell. 
Samuel Arthur Bent. 
Melville Madison Bigelow. 
Rev. George Madison Bodge. 
David Henry Brown. 
William Leverett Chase. 
Gardner Asaph Churchill. 
Nathaniel Willey Churchill. 
Arthur Wellington Clark, M.D. 
Rufus Coffin. 
John Hoffman Collamore. 
Capt. Augustus Whittemore 

Corliss, U.S.A. 
William Barnes Dorman. 
Walter Holbrook Draper. 
William Franklin Draper. 
Albert Alonzo Folsom. 
Francis Apthorp Foster. 
George Whitfield Foster. 
Levi Swanton Gould. 
Samuel Swett Green. 
Chester Guild, Jun. 
George Franklin Hall. 
Lewis Coleman Hall. 
Frederick Trowbridge Hemmen- 

way. 
Henry Oscar Houghton. 
Henry Oscar Houghton, Jun. 



Daniel Webster Howland. 
Charles Russell Hurd. 
Daniel Sanderson Lamson. 
Francis Mason Learned. 
William Pearl Martin. 
Charles Frank Mason. 
Seymour Morris. 
James Atkins Noyes. 
Walter Gilman Page. 
Joseph Hiram Starr Pearson. 
Chas.Fred'k Bacon Philbrook. 
Capt. Philip Reade, U.S.A. 
John Anthony Remick. 
Rev. Ninian Beale Remick. 
Timothy Remick. 
James Rogers Rich. 
Thomas Phillips Rich. 
Arthur John Clark Sowdon. 
Frank William Sprague. 
Myles Standish, M.D. 
George Gardner Stratton. 
Robert Thaxter Swan. 
Abijah Thompson. 
Lt. John Taliaferro Thomp- 
son, U.S.A. 
Lt. Palmer Tilton, U.S.A. 
Dexter Emerson Wadsworth. 
Edwin Dexter Wadsworth. 
Frank Edwards Warner. 
Walter Kendall Watkins. 
Winthrop Wetherbee. 
Rev. Horace Leslie Wheeler. 
William Lithgow Willey. 
William Klapp Williams. 
Alva Sylvanus Wood. 



IMPORTANT EVENTS 



COLONIAL HISTORY OF MASSACHUSETTS. 




SETTLEMENT of Plymouth, 1620; of Salem, 
*£ 1628; of Charlestown, 1629; of Boston, 
Jx$ Dorchester, and Watertown, 1630. 

A^v* First visit of the Indians to the Colonists, 

at Plymouth, 1621. 

Settlement of Cape Ann, 1624. 

Standish's expedition to Weymouth, 1623. 

First Court of Assistants, and first meeting of the 
General Court, 1630. 

First alarms by the French, 1633, '34. 

Expedition against the Pequots, 1637. 

Confederation of the New England colonies, 1643. 

Major Willard's expedition against Ninigret, the Narra- 
gansett Sachem, 1654. 

Navigation Act passed, 1660. 

Expedition planned against the Dutch, 1664. 

Indian attack on Swansea, July 4, 1675 ; on Brook- 
field, August 2 ; on Hadley, September 1 ; on Northfield, 
September 4 ; on Springfield, October 4 ; Major Apple- 
ton defended Hatfield, October 19. 

Captain Moseley's march to Mt. Hope, June 30, 1675. 

The expedition against the Narragansetts, December, 
1675 ; tne g rea t Swamp fight, December 19. 

The attack on Lancaster, February 10, 1676; on 
Groton, March 2; on Sudbury, April 21. 

Captain Turner defeated the Indians on the Connecti- 
cut River, May 18, 1676. 

(53) 



54 SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. 

Death of King Philip, August 12, 1676. 

Abrogation of the Charter, 1684; Governor Andros 
arrived, 1686. 

Expedition against the Penobscots, 1688. 

Arrest of Governor Andros, April 18, 1689. 

Phips's expedition against Quebec, 1690. 

The Province Charter obtained, 1692. Governor 
Phips arrived, May 14. 

Expeditions against Port Royal, Nova Scotia, 1690, 
1707; captured and called Annapolis, 1710. 

Expedition against Cape Breton, 1745; capture of 
Louisburg, June 17; second capture, by Amherst, 1758. 

Indian attack on Haverhill, March 1, 1647 an< 3 1708; 
on Deerfleld, September 1, 1697, and February, 1704. 

Expedition against the Spanish in the West Indies, 
1740. 

Battle of Lake George, September 8, 1755. 

Surrender of Quebec, September 18, 1759. 

Surrender of Crown Point, July 26, 1759. 

Surrender of Ticonderoga, August 4, 1759. 

Capture of Montreal, September 8, 1760. 

The French driven from Acadia, December, 1755. 

James Otis argued against Writs of Assistance, 1761. 

The Stamp Act passed, March 8, 1765; repealed, 
March 18, 1766. 

Tea and other articles taxed, June 29, 1767. 

Arrival of British troops in Boston, September 27, 1768. 

The Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770. 

The Boston Tea Party, December 16, 1773. 

The First Provincial Congress met at Salem, October 

7> 1774. 

Passage of the Boston Port Bill, March 31, 1774. 

The First Continental Congress met at Philadelphia, 
September 5, 1774. 

The Battles of Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775. 




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